CME On Your Cell or Dell


Robert Lowes               May 2009
 
In-person medical meetings will always have their place, but online CME is clicking with busy doctors
 
A patient with coronary artery disease recently asked family physician Floyd “Tripp” Bradd III, MD, in Front Royal, Virginia, about bare-metal versus drug-coated stents. Dr. Bradd turned to his exam-room desktop, looked up the subject in an online compendium of evidence-based articles called UpToDate, and reviewed the fine points with the patient.
 
This impromptu research—which continued after the patient left—helped Dr. Bradd earn a continuing medical education or CME credit, essential for maintaining his clinical acumen (and license). And it didn’t come with the travel and lodging costs—and lost practice income—associated with a conference in San Diego or Tampa.
 
“In today’s economy, I have more of an impetus to do my CME online,” says Dr. Bradd.
 
He’s not alone. The percentage of CME conducted in cyberspace—as measured by physician participants—rose from 1 percent in 1998 to 31 percent in 2007, according to the Accrediting Council for Continuing Medical Education.  And one-fourth of doctors in 2007 earned more than half their credits this way, reports Manhattan Research, a firm that studies health-care IT.  These figures only stand to increase as doctors cut back on coursework requiring overnight travel—50 percent say they’ll do so this year, according to the publication Medical Meetings. The fact that most online CME is free only strengthens the urge to stay put.
 
Other trends are contributing to the growth in online CME. The smartphone revolution—led by the Apple iPhone—gives doctors better handheld devices for downloaded or browser-based learning activities (Dr.  Bradd uses his iPhone to research clinical issues on hospital rounds, for example). And the incorporation of medical reference materials into electronic health records creates opportunities for exam-room lessons that doctors are more likely to remember than something they hear in a lecture  hall. “It’s education that sticks with you better,” says Dr. Bradd. Since online CME is becoming more prevalent, you’ll want to know what the future holds.

LITTLE LESSONS, LOTS OF CREDIT
 
Online CME takes a multitude of forms . You can view live or archived lectures and slideshows, read research summaries, or treat a hypothetical patient at a Web site called MedCases. You can subscribe to CME podcasts and listen to them on an iPod while you jog. There’s even talk of conducting accredited CME at the imaginary Ann Myers Medical Center in the virtual world called Second Life, where your three-dimensional character or “avatar” can palpate other avatars.
   
Much of the written CME material, including the usual post-test questions, takes only 15 to 30 minutes to complete, yielding one quarter or one half of an AMA PRA Category 1 credit.  Such bite-sized portions allow internist and pediatrician Sal Volpe, MD, in Staten Island, New York, to digest the latest research on his Samsung smartphone while sitting through band rehearsals for his sons Gino and Salvatore. The little lessons add up. Volpe says he earns about 75 percent of his CME credits through his smartphone, laptop or desktop.
   
All manner of accredited CME providers, including medical schools, medical societies, and hospitals, have migrated to the Web, but doctors obtain the bulk of their online credits from medical publishing and education companies such as Medscape and MedPageToday.  Epocrates and Skyscape, firms that specialize in medical reference material for personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones, are big CME players, too.
   
Some sources of online CME come with a price tag. It costs $495 to subscribe to UpToDate for the first year, with annual renewals at $395.  Other sites charge a modest $10 to $15 per credit hour. “But there’s enough free stuff out there for a doctor to never have to spend a dime,” says psychiatrist and family physician Bernard Sklar, MD, in Berkeley, California, who maintains a Web site listing more than 300 sites for online CME.
   
However, doctors  may have to pay for more of their continuing education in the future as pharmaceutical companies, under increasing pressure to exert less influence on prescribers, reduce their subsidies of CME. Commercial support of all CME, which includes pharma dollars, represented 48 percent of total funding in 2007, down from 55 percent in 2003, according to the ACCME.  About half of that support went to medical publishing and education companies.

CME IN YOUR POCKET OR PURSE
 
Fifty-four percent of doctors own a PDA, a smartphone, or both, according to the latest data from Manhattan Research.  Of this group, about one-third told Manhattan Research that they intended to use their handhelds for CME in 2008, but for only 6 percent of their total credits, notes Meredith Ressi, the firm’s vice president of research. However, Ressi says handheld learning may become more prevalent as more doctors abandon PDAs for more powerful smartphones, which boast Internet browsers as well as PDA features. The all-in-one devices promise to make online CME more inviting.
   
Consider the trailblazing iPhone, for instance.  Flip it horizontally, and the iPod-style touch screen—one of the largest on the market—goes to a wider, more eye-comforting view of text and images.  Finger movements let you enlarge or shrink what you see, a valuable feature if a CME lesson includes an image of a skin rash.
 
The iPhone’s browser allows doctors to access Web-based CME activities just as they do with their laptops or desktops. However, CME and medical reference software from Epocrates and Skyscape are part of “native” applications that, once installed, run on the iPhone and other smartphones as opposed to being accessed on a remote computer.  “Lots of doctors want to do CME on an airplane where there’s no wireless access,” says Jeff Tangney, executive vice president of sales and marketing and cofounder of Epocrates. Native applications also operate faster than Web-based counterparts, Tangney adds.
 
The iPhone’s wireless capability comes in handy for native applications, though, by allowing doctors to download new CME activities on the run, either through a cellular or Wi-Fi network. Wireless PDAs, in contrast, must be in a Wi-Fi hotspot to freshen up, while those without Wi-Fi must be “synched” to a desktop or laptop through a docking station or infrared transmissions.  And the iPhone’s ample storage capacity—16 gigs on the 3G model—lets it hold gobs of video content, which doctors are clamoring for, says Meredith Ressi. “It’s easier to listen to a lecture/slideshow than read text on the small screen.”

LIVE CME WON’T GO AWAY
 
In 2005, the AMA gave CME providers a green light to award its PRA Category 1 credit for “point of care” online research—hunting down the answer to a question that emerges during a patient visit. Such credits amounted to only 4 percent of online CME in 2007, partly because the required documentation—which forces you to state how you will  apply your newfound knowledge—deters some busy doctors.
 
Nevertheless, point-of-care CME could become more popular as EHR vendors build artificial medical intelligence into their software. Doctors who buy an EHR from eClinicalWorks, for example, can have UpToDate and Skyscape’s point-of-care CME tool embedded into their systems. UpToDate and Skyscape are courting more EHR partners.  Dr. Bernard Sklar envisions extremely smart EHR programs that could analyze a doctor’s practice patterns, such as his adherence to authoritative clinical guidelines, and then suggest what he should study. “That would be the Holy Grail,” he says.
 
Amid all the computer wizardry, there’s still a future for live, communal CME. Doctors benefit from the reflective atmosphere possible when they’re away from the office. Besides that, they’re social creatures. “It’s good  to network with colleagues face to face,” says Dr.  Bradd.
 
And besides, it’s the best way to compare what smartphones they’re packing.

NET EDUCATION
 
1 percent*
Online CME as a percentage of all CME in 1998
31 percent
Online CME as a percentage of all CME in 2007

*As measured by physician participants
Source: Accrediting Council for Continuing Medical Education
 
Award-winning journalist Robert Lowes has reported on the medical profession for 20 years.